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		<h1>Linux 命令- ifconfig</h1>
	
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		<span class="article__date">2017-10-12</span><br />
		
		
			<span class="article__tags">
			  	<a class="article__tag-link" href="/tags/Linux命令/">Linux命令</a>
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		<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;许多windows非常熟悉ipconfig命令行工具，它被用来获取网络接口配置信息并对此进行修改。Linux系统拥有一个类似的工具，也就是ifconfig(interfaces config)。通常需要以root身份登录或使用sudo以便在Linux机器上使用ifconfig工具。依赖于ifconfig命令中使用一些选项属性，ifconfig工具不仅可以被用来简单地获取网络接口配置信息，还可以修改这些配置。</p>
<h2 id="1．命令格式"><a href="#1．命令格式" class="headerlink" title="1．命令格式"></a>1．命令格式</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ifconfig [网络设备] [参数]</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="2．命令功能"><a href="#2．命令功能" class="headerlink" title="2．命令功能"></a>2．命令功能</h2><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ifconfig 命令用来查看和配置网络设备。当网络环境发生改变时可通过此命令对网络进行相应的配置。</p>
<h2 id="3．命令参数"><a href="#3．命令参数" class="headerlink" title="3．命令参数"></a>3．命令参数</h2><ul>
<li>up 启动指定网络设备/网卡。</li>
<li>down 关闭指定网络设备/网卡。该参数可以有效地阻止通过指定接口的IP信息流，如果想永久地关闭一个接口，我们还需要从核心路由表中将该接口的路由信息全部删除。</li>
<li>arp 设置指定网卡是否支持ARP协议。</li>
<li>-promisc 设置是否支持网卡的promiscuous模式，如果选择此参数，网卡将接收网络中发给它所有的数据包</li>
<li>-allmulti 设置是否支持多播模式，如果选择此参数，网卡将接收网络中所有的多播数据包</li>
<li>-a 显示全部接口信息</li>
<li>-s 显示摘要信息（类似于 netstat -i）</li>
<li>add 给指定网卡配置IPv6地址</li>
<li>del 删除指定网卡的IPv6地址</li>
<li>&lt;硬件地址&gt; 配置网卡最大的传输单元</li>
<li>mtu&lt;字节数&gt; 设置网卡的最大传输单元 (bytes)</li>
<li>netmask&lt;子网掩码&gt; 设置网卡的子网掩码。掩码可以是有前缀0x的32位十六进制数，也可以是用点分开的4个十进制数。如果不打算将网络分成子网，可以不管这一选项；如果要使用子网，那么请记住，网络中每一个系统必须有相同子网掩码。</li>
<li>tunel 建立隧道</li>
<li>dstaddr 设定一个远端地址，建立点对点通信</li>
<li>-broadcast&lt;地址&gt; 为指定网卡设置广播协议</li>
<li>-pointtopoint&lt;地址&gt; 为网卡设置点对点通讯协议</li>
<li>multicast 为网卡设置组播标志</li>
<li>address 为网卡设置IPv4地址</li>
<li>txqueuelen&lt;长度&gt; 为网卡设置传输列队的长度</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4．使用实例"><a href="#4．使用实例" class="headerlink" title="4．使用实例"></a>4．使用实例</h2><h3 id="实例1：显示网络设备信息（激活状态的）"><a href="#实例1：显示网络设备信息（激活状态的）" class="headerlink" title="实例1：显示网络设备信息（激活状态的）"></a>实例1：显示网络设备信息（激活状态的）</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ifconfig</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig</span></div><div class="line">eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:56:BF:26:20  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:192.168.120.204  Bcast:192.168.120.255  Mask:255.255.255.0</div><div class="line">          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:8700857 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:31533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:596390239 (568.7 MiB)  TX bytes:2886956 (2.7 MiB)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0</div><div class="line">          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB)  TX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>说明</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>eth0 表示第一块网卡， 其中 HWaddr 表示网卡的物理地址，可以看到目前这个网卡的物理地址(MAC地址）是 00:50:56:BF:26:20</li>
<li>inet addr 用来表示网卡的IP地址，此网卡的 IP地址是 192.168.120.204，广播地址， Bcast:192.168.120.255，掩码地址Mask:255.255.255.0 </li>
<li>lo 是表示主机的回坏地址，这个一般是用来测试一个网络程序，但又不想让局域网或外网的用户能够查看，只能在此台主机上运行和查看所用的网络接口。比如把 HTTPD服务器的指定到回坏地址，在浏览器输入 127.0.0.1 就能看到你所架WEB网站了。但只是您能看得到，局域网的其它主机或用户无从知道。</li>
<li>第一行：连接类型：Ethernet（以太网）HWaddr（硬件mac地址）</li>
<li>第二行：网卡的IP地址、子网、掩码</li>
<li>第三行：UP（代表网卡开启状态）RUNNING（代表网卡的网线被接上）MULTICAST（支持组播）MTU:1500（最大传输单元）：1500字节</li>
<li>第四、五行：接收、发送数据包情况统计</li>
<li>第七行：接收、发送数据字节数统计信息。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="实例2：启动关闭指定网卡"><a href="#实例2：启动关闭指定网卡" class="headerlink" title="实例2：启动关闭指定网卡"></a>实例2：启动关闭指定网卡</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 up</div><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 down</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>说明</strong><br>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ifconfig eth0 up 为启动网卡eth0 ；ifconfig eth0 down 为关闭网卡eth0。ssh登陆linux服务器操作要小心，关闭了就不能开启了，除非你有多网卡。</p>
<h3 id="实例3：为网卡配置和删除IPv6地址"><a href="#实例3：为网卡配置和删除IPv6地址" class="headerlink" title="实例3：为网卡配置和删除IPv6地址"></a>实例3：为网卡配置和删除IPv6地址</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 add 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64</div><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 del 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>说明</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>ifconfig eth0 add 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64 为网卡eth0配置IPv6地址；</li>
<li>ifconfig eth0 add 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64 为网卡eth0删除IPv6地址；</li>
</ul>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>练习的时候，ssh登陆linux服务器操作要小心，关闭了就不能开启了，除非有多网卡。</strong></p>
<h3 id="实例4：用ifconfig修改MAC地址"><a href="#实例4：用ifconfig修改MAC地址" class="headerlink" title="实例4：用ifconfig修改MAC地址"></a>实例4：用ifconfig修改MAC地址</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 down //关闭网卡</span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE //修改MAC地址</span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 up //启动网卡</span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig</span></div><div class="line">eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:192.168.120.204  Bcast:192.168.120.255  Mask:255.255.255.0</div><div class="line">          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:8700857 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:31533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:596390239 (568.7 MiB)  TX bytes:2886956 (2.7 MiB)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0</div><div class="line">          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB)  TX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB)</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:50:56:BF:26:20 //关闭网卡并修改MAC地址 </span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 up //启动网卡</span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig</span></div><div class="line">eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:56:BF:26:20  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:192.168.120.204  Bcast:192.168.120.255  Mask:255.255.255.0</div><div class="line">          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:8700857 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:31533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:596390239 (568.7 MiB)  TX bytes:2886956 (2.7 MiB)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0</div><div class="line">          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB)  TX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实例5：配置IP地址"><a href="#实例5：配置IP地址" class="headerlink" title="实例5：配置IP地址"></a>实例5：配置IP地址</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 </span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 </span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.120.255</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>说明</strong></p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;给eth0网卡配置IP地：192.168.120.56</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;给eth0网卡配置IP地址：192.168.120.56 ，并加上子掩码：255.255.255.0</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.120.255</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;/给eth0网卡配置IP地址：192.168.120.56，加上子掩码：255.255.255.0，加上个广播地址： 192.168.120.255</p>
<h3 id="实例6：启用和关闭ARP协议"><a href="#实例6：启用和关闭ARP协议" class="headerlink" title="实例6：启用和关闭ARP协议"></a>实例6：启用和关闭ARP协议</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 arp</div><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 -arp</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 arp </span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 -arp</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>说明</strong></p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ifconfig eth0 arp 开启网卡eth0 的arp协议；</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ifconfig eth0 -arp 关闭网卡eth0 的arp协议；</p>
<h3 id="实例7：设置最大传输单元"><a href="#实例7：设置最大传输单元" class="headerlink" title="实例7：设置最大传输单元"></a>实例7：设置最大传输单元</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 mtu 1480</span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig</span></div><div class="line">eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:56:BF:26:1F  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:192.168.120.203  Bcast:192.168.120.255  Mask:255.255.255.0</div><div class="line">          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1480  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:8712395 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:36631 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:597062089 (569.4 MiB)  TX bytes:2643973 (2.5 MiB)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0</div><div class="line">          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:9973 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:9973 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:518096 (505.9 KiB)  TX bytes:518096 (505.9 KiB)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500</span></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ifconfig</span></div><div class="line">eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:56:BF:26:1F  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:192.168.120.203  Bcast:192.168.120.255  Mask:255.255.255.0</div><div class="line">          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:8712548 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:36685 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:597072333 (569.4 MiB)  TX bytes:2650581 (2.5 MiB)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  </div><div class="line">          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0</div><div class="line">          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1</div><div class="line">          RX packets:9973 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div><div class="line">          TX packets:9973 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div><div class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 </div><div class="line">          RX bytes:518096 (505.9 KiB)  TX bytes:518096 (505.9 KiB)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>说明</strong></p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;设置能通过的最大数据包大小为 1500 bytes</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;备注：用ifconfig命令配置的网卡信息，在网卡重启后机器重启后，配置就不存在。要想将上述的配置信息永远的存的电脑里，那就要修改网卡的配置文件了。</p>

	

	
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